“非小细胞肺癌”的版本间的差异
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<div style="margin-bottom: 30px; border-bottom: 1.2px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 25px;"> | <div style="margin-bottom: 30px; border-bottom: 1.2px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 25px;"> | ||
<p style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 10px 0; color: #334155; text-align: justify;"> | <p style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 10px 0; color: #334155; text-align: justify;"> | ||
| − | <strong>非小细胞肺癌</strong> | + | <strong>非小细胞肺癌</strong>(Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, <strong>[[NSCLC]]</strong>)是<strong>[[肺癌]]</strong>最常见的组织学类型,约占肺癌总数的 85%。与<strong>[[小细胞肺癌]]</strong>(SCLC)相比,NSCLC 的倍增时间较长,生物学行为相对惰性。NSCLC 并非单一疾病,而是一组异质性肿瘤的统称,主要包括<strong>[[肺腺癌]]</strong>、<strong>[[肺鳞癌]]</strong>和大细胞癌。随着精准医学的发展,NSCLC 的治疗已从传统的“手术+放化疗”模式,彻底转变为基于<strong>[[驱动基因]]</strong>(如 EGFR, ALK)的靶向治疗和基于 PD-L1 表达的<strong>[[免疫治疗]]</strong>模式。根据最新的 <strong>NCCN Guidelines (v1.2026)</strong>,“围手术期免疫治疗”(Chemo-IO)已确立为可切除 II-III 期患者的标准治疗。 |
</p> | </p> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <div class="medical-infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=" | + | <div class="medical-infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 320px; border: 1.2px solid #bae6fd; border-radius: 12px; background-color: #ffffff; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); overflow: hidden; float: right; margin-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;"> |
<div style="padding: 15px; color: #1e40af; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e0f2fe 0%, #bae6fd 100%); text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"> | <div style="padding: 15px; color: #1e40af; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e0f2fe 0%, #bae6fd 100%); text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"> | ||
<div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">NSCLC</div> | <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">NSCLC</div> | ||
| − | <div style="font-size: 0. | + | <div style="font-size: 0.75em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px;">Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (点击展开)</div> |
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | ||
| − | <div style="padding: | + | <div style="padding: 20px; text-align: center; background-color: #f8fafc;"> |
| − | <div style="display: inline-block; background: # | + | <div style="display: inline-block; width: 60px; height: 60px; border-radius: 50%; background: #e0f2fe; border: 2px solid #bae6fd; line-height: 60px; color: #1e40af; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.2em;">Lung</div> |
| − | + | <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 10px; font-weight: 600;">腺癌与鳞癌约占 80%</div> | |
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| − | <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <table style="width: 100%; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.85em;"> | + | <table style="width: 100%; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.85em; text-align: left;"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <th style=" | + | <th style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">ICD-10 编码</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">C34</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <th style=" | + | <th style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">主要占比</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">85% (所有肺癌)</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <th style=" | + | <th style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">核心亚型</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;"><strong>[[肺腺癌]]</strong>, <strong>[[肺鳞癌]]</strong></td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <th style=" | + | <th style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键靶点</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #166534;"><strong>[[EGFR]]</strong>, <strong>[[ALK]]</strong>, <strong>[[KRAS]]</strong></td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <th style=" | + | <th style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">免疫指标</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #b91c1c;"><strong>[[PD-L1]]</strong>, <strong>[[TMB]]</strong></td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | + | <tr> | |
| − | <th style=" | + | <th style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">主要诱因</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">吸烟, 氡气, 空气污染</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <th style=" | + | <th style="padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">最新指南</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; color: #0f172a;">NCCN v1.2026</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;"> | + | <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">病理亚型:三足鼎立</h2> |
<p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;"> | <p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;"> | ||
| − | NSCLC | + | NSCLC 的治疗决策高度依赖于病理分型。根据 2015 WHO 分类标准,主要分为三大类: |
</p> | </p> | ||
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| − | <div style="overflow-x: auto; margin: 30px auto; max-width: | + | <div style="overflow-x: auto; margin: 30px auto; max-width: 98%;"> |
| − | <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1.2px solid #cbd5e1; font-size: 0. | + | <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1.2px solid #cbd5e1; font-size: 0.88em; text-align: left;"> |
<tr style="background-color: #eff6ff; color: #1e40af;"> | <tr style="background-color: #eff6ff; color: #1e40af;"> | ||
| − | <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; width: 20%;">亚型</th> | + | <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; border-bottom: 2px solid #60a5fa; width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">亚型</th> |
| − | <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; width: 40%;"> | + | <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; border-bottom: 2px solid #60a5fa; width: 40%; vertical-align: top;">临床病理特征</th> |
| − | <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; width: 40%;"> | + | <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; border-bottom: 2px solid #60a5fa; width: 40%; vertical-align: top;">分子特征与治疗关键</th> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;"><strong>[[肺腺癌]]</strong><br | + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 600; color: #0f172a;"> |
| − | + | <strong>[[肺腺癌]]</strong><br> | |
| − | + | <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#64748b; font-weight:normal;">(最常见, ~50%)</span> | |
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</td> | </td> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; | + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top;"> |
| − | < | + | • 多位于肺周边(周围型)<br> |
| − | + | • 常见于女性、<strong>不吸烟者</strong><br> | |
| + | • 免疫组化:<strong>[[TTF-1]] (+)</strong>, Napsin A (+) | ||
| + | </td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top; background-color: #f0fdf4;"> | ||
| + | <span style="color: #166534; font-weight: bold;">🎯 靶向治疗的金矿</span><br> | ||
| + | • 高频突变:EGFR, ALK, ROS1<br> | ||
| + | • 必须进行 <strong>[[NGS]]</strong> 检测 | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;"><strong>[[肺鳞癌]]</strong><br>( | + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 600; color: #0f172a;"> |
| − | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"> | + | <strong>[[肺鳞癌]]</strong><br> |
| − | • | + | <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#64748b; font-weight:normal;">(~30%)</span> |
| − | + | </td> | |
| − | • 与<strong>吸烟</strong> | + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top;"> |
| − | • | + | • 多位于肺中心(中央型),易空洞<br> |
| + | • 与<strong>吸烟</strong>高度相关<br> | ||
| + | • 免疫组化:<strong>[[p40]] (+)</strong>, p63 (+) | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; | + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top;"> |
| − | <strong> | + | <span style="color: #b91c1c; font-weight: bold;">🛡️ 免疫治疗为主</span><br> |
| − | + | • 驱动基因罕见 (FGFR1扩增)<br> | |
| + | • 首选 <strong>[[PD-1]]</strong> + 化疗 | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">大细胞癌<br>( | + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 600; color: #0f172a;"> |
| − | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"> | + | 大细胞癌<br> |
| − | • | + | <span style="font-size:0.85em; color:#64748b; font-weight:normal;">(罕见)</span> |
| − | + | </td> | |
| − | • | + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top;"> |
| + | • 排除性诊断(非腺非鳞)<br> | ||
| + | • 恶性程度高,生长迅速 | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"> | + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top;"> |
| − | + | • 缺乏特异性靶点<br> | |
| + | • 通常参考腺癌方案进行治疗 | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <h2 style="background: # | + | <h2 style="background: #f0fdf4; color: #166534; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #166534; font-weight: bold;">分期治疗:步步为营 (NCCN 2026)</h2> |
| − | + | <div style="background-color: #f0fdf4; border-left: 5px solid #22c55e; padding: 15px 20px; margin: 20px 0; border-radius: 4px;"> | |
| − | + | <h3 style="margin-top: 0; color: #14532d; font-size: 1.1em;">治疗逻辑变革</h3> | |
| − | + | <p style="margin-bottom: 0; color: #334155; font-size: 0.95em;"> | |
| − | + | 基于 <strong>[[TNM分期]]</strong> (第8版)。2026 版指南的核心变化是确立了 <strong>[[围手术期免疫治疗]]</strong> 在可切除 II-III 期患者中的标准地位,以及靶向药物在辅助治疗中的全面渗透。 | |
| − | <div style="background-color: # | ||
| − | <h3 style="margin-top: 0; color: # | ||
| − | <p style="margin-bottom: 0; | ||
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</p> | </p> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <div style="background-color: # | + | <div style="overflow-x: auto; margin: 30px auto; max-width: 98%;"> |
| − | + | <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1.2px solid #cbd5e1; font-size: 0.88em; text-align: left;"> | |
| − | + | <tr style="background-color: #eff6ff; color: #1e40af;"> | |
| − | + | <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; border-bottom: 2px solid #60a5fa; width: 15%; vertical-align: top;">分期</th> | |
| − | + | <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; border-bottom: 2px solid #60a5fa; width: 20%; vertical-align: top;">治疗目标</th> | |
| − | </ | + | <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; border-bottom: 2px solid #60a5fa; width: 65%; vertical-align: top;">标准治疗路径 (2026 Standard)</th> |
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 600; color: #15803d;"> | ||
| + | 早期<br><span style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:normal; color:#64748b;">(I - IIA期)</span> | ||
| + | </td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top; color: #15803d; font-weight: bold;"> | ||
| + | 根治 (Curative) | ||
| + | </td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top;"> | ||
| + | 1. <strong>首选手术</strong>:肺叶切除 (<strong>[[VATS]]</strong>) + 淋巴结清扫<br> | ||
| + | 2. <strong>放疗替代</strong>:拒手术者选 <strong>[[SBRT]]</strong><br> | ||
| + | 3. <strong>辅助治疗</strong>: | ||
| + | <ul style="margin: 5px 0 0 15px; padding: 0; color: #475569;"> | ||
| + | <li>EGFR+:<strong>[[奥希替尼]]</strong> (ADAURA)</li> | ||
| + | <li>ALK+:<strong>[[阿来替尼]]</strong> (ALINA)</li> | ||
| + | <li>无驱动基因:免疫治疗 (IMpower010 / KEYNOTE-091)</li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | </td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 600; color: #b45309;"> | ||
| + | 局部晚期<br><span style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:normal; color:#64748b;">(IIB - <strong>[[III期]]</strong>)</span> | ||
| + | </td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top; color: #b45309; font-weight: bold;"> | ||
| + | 潜在根治 | ||
| + | </td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top;"> | ||
| + | • <strong>可切除 (IIIA/B)</strong>:<br> | ||
| + | <strong>[[围手术期免疫]]</strong> (New Standard): 新辅助化疗+免疫 → 手术 → 辅助免疫<br> | ||
| + | 代表方案:CheckMate-77T (O药) / AEGEAN (I药) / KEYNOTE-671 (K药)<br> | ||
| + | • <strong>不可切除 (IIIB/C)</strong>:<br> | ||
| + | 同步放化疗 (cCRT) → <strong>[[度伐利尤单抗]]</strong> 巩固 (PACIFIC模式) | ||
| + | </td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top; font-weight: 600; color: #475569;"> | ||
| + | 晚期<br><span style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:normal; color:#64748b;">(IV期)</span> | ||
| + | </td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top; color: #475569; font-weight: bold;"> | ||
| + | 延长生存 | ||
| + | </td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; vertical-align: top;"> | ||
| + | • <strong>驱动基因(+)</strong>:<strong>“去化疗”</strong>。首选 <strong>[[TKI]]</strong> (奥希替尼/阿来替尼/洛拉替尼)<br> | ||
| + | • <strong>驱动基因(-)</strong>:<strong>[[帕博利珠单抗]]</strong> (K药) ± 化疗 | ||
| + | </td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | </table> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <div style=" | + | <div style="font-size: 0.92em; line-height: 1.6; color: #1e293b; margin-top: 50px; border-top: 2px solid #0f172a; padding: 15px 25px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px;"> |
| − | < | + | <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评 [Academic Review]</span> |
| − | <p style="margin | + | |
| − | + | <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | |
| − | < | + | [1] <strong>NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.</strong> <em>Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Version 1.2026.</em><br> |
| + | <span style="color: #475569;">[最新指南]:2026年最新版,确立了围手术期免疫治疗(如CheckMate 77T)为可切除III期患者的首选方案。</span> | ||
</p> | </p> | ||
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| − | + | <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | |
| − | + | [2] <strong>Wakelee H, Liberman M, Kato T, et al. (2023).</strong> <em>Perioperative Pembrolizumab for Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br> | |
| − | + | <span style="color: #475569;">[KEYNOTE-671]:确立了“新辅助+辅助”全程免疫治疗模式带来的显著生存获益。</span> | |
| − | + | </p> | |
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<p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | ||
| − | [ | + | [3] <strong>Cascone T, Awad MM, Spicer JD, et al. (2024).</strong> <em>CheckMate 77T: Phase III study comparing neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant nivolumab.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br> |
| − | <span style="color: #475569;">[ | + | <span style="color: #475569;">[CheckMate-77T]:2024年重磅研究,进一步巩固了围手术期免疫治疗的地位。</span> |
</p> | </p> | ||
<p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | ||
| − | [ | + | [4] <strong>Wu YL, Tsuboi M, He J, et al. (2020).</strong> <em>Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br> |
| − | <span style="color: #475569;">[ | + | <span style="color: #475569;">[ADAURA]:证明了奥希替尼辅助治疗可降低早期患者 80% 的复发风险。</span> |
</p> | </p> | ||
<p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | ||
| − | [ | + | [5] <strong>Antonia SJ, Villegas A, Daniel D, et al. (2017).</strong> <em>Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br> |
| − | <span style="color: #475569;">[ | + | <span style="color: #475569;">[PACIFIC]:确立了不可切除 III 期 NSCLC 的免疫巩固治疗标准。</span> |
</p> | </p> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #ffffff;"> | <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #ffffff;"> | ||
<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> | ||
| − | <td style="width: | + | <td style="width: 90px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">诊断技术</td> |
| − | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[ | + | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[EBUS-TBNA]]</strong> • PET-CT • <strong>[[液体活检]]</strong> • <strong>[[NGS]]</strong></td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> | ||
| − | <td style="width: | + | <td style="width: 90px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">关键基因</td> |
| − | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[EGFR]]</strong> • <strong>[[ALK]]</strong> • ROS1 • KRAS | + | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[EGFR]]</strong> • <strong>[[ALK]]</strong> • ROS1 • MET • RET • KRAS</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> | ||
| − | <td style="width: | + | <td style="width: 90px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">明星药物</td> |
| − | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[奥希替尼]]</strong> • 帕博利珠单抗 • <strong>[[度伐利尤单抗]]</strong></td> | + | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[奥希替尼]]</strong> • <strong>[[帕博利珠单抗]]</strong> • <strong>[[度伐利尤单抗]]</strong> • 贝伐珠单抗</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td style="width: | + | <td style="width: 90px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">治疗模式</td> |
| − | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[ | + | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[新辅助治疗]]</strong> • <strong>[[辅助治疗]]</strong> • <strong>[[围手术期免疫]]</strong> • 靶向治疗</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
2026年1月27日 (二) 10:55的最新版本
非小细胞肺癌(Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC)是肺癌最常见的组织学类型,约占肺癌总数的 85%。与小细胞肺癌(SCLC)相比,NSCLC 的倍增时间较长,生物学行为相对惰性。NSCLC 并非单一疾病,而是一组异质性肿瘤的统称,主要包括肺腺癌、肺鳞癌和大细胞癌。随着精准医学的发展,NSCLC 的治疗已从传统的“手术+放化疗”模式,彻底转变为基于驱动基因(如 EGFR, ALK)的靶向治疗和基于 PD-L1 表达的免疫治疗模式。根据最新的 NCCN Guidelines (v1.2026),“围手术期免疫治疗”(Chemo-IO)已确立为可切除 II-III 期患者的标准治疗。
病理亚型:三足鼎立
NSCLC 的治疗决策高度依赖于病理分型。根据 2015 WHO 分类标准,主要分为三大类:
| 亚型 | 临床病理特征 | 分子特征与治疗关键 |
|---|---|---|
肺腺癌 |
• 多位于肺周边(周围型) |
🎯 靶向治疗的金矿 |
肺鳞癌 |
• 多位于肺中心(中央型),易空洞 |
🛡️ 免疫治疗为主 |
大细胞癌 |
• 排除性诊断(非腺非鳞) |
• 缺乏特异性靶点 |
分期治疗:步步为营 (NCCN 2026)
| 分期 | 治疗目标 | 标准治疗路径 (2026 Standard) |
|---|---|---|
早期 |
根治 (Curative) |
1. 首选手术:肺叶切除 (VATS) + 淋巴结清扫 |
局部晚期 |
潜在根治 |
• 可切除 (IIIA/B): |
晚期 |
延长生存 |
• 驱动基因(+):“去化疗”。首选 TKI (奥希替尼/阿来替尼/洛拉替尼) |
学术参考文献与权威点评 [Academic Review]
[1] NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Version 1.2026.
[最新指南]:2026年最新版,确立了围手术期免疫治疗(如CheckMate 77T)为可切除III期患者的首选方案。
[2] Wakelee H, Liberman M, Kato T, et al. (2023). Perioperative Pembrolizumab for Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine.
[KEYNOTE-671]:确立了“新辅助+辅助”全程免疫治疗模式带来的显著生存获益。
[3] Cascone T, Awad MM, Spicer JD, et al. (2024). CheckMate 77T: Phase III study comparing neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant nivolumab. New England Journal of Medicine.
[CheckMate-77T]:2024年重磅研究,进一步巩固了围手术期免疫治疗的地位。
[4] Wu YL, Tsuboi M, He J, et al. (2020). Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine.
[ADAURA]:证明了奥希替尼辅助治疗可降低早期患者 80% 的复发风险。
[5] Antonia SJ, Villegas A, Daniel D, et al. (2017). Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine.
[PACIFIC]:确立了不可切除 III 期 NSCLC 的免疫巩固治疗标准。