“非小细胞肺癌”的版本间的差异
| 第1行: | 第1行: | ||
| − | <div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1. | + | <div style="padding: 0 4%; line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'PingFang SC', Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; max-width: 1200px; margin: auto;"> |
| − | <div style="margin-bottom: | + | <div style="margin-bottom: 30px; border-bottom: 1.2px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 25px;"> |
| − | < | + | <p style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 10px 0; color: #334155; text-align: justify;"> |
| − | + | <strong>非小细胞肺癌</strong>(Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, <strong>NSCLC</strong>)是<strong>[[肺癌]]</strong>最常见的组织学类型,约占肺癌总数的 85%。与<strong>[[小细胞肺癌]]</strong>(SCLC)相比,NSCLC 的倍增时间较长,早期发生远处转移的倾向相对较晚。NSCLC 并非单一疾病,而是一组异质性肿瘤的统称,主要包括<strong>[[肺腺癌]]</strong>、<strong>[[肺鳞癌]]</strong>和大细胞癌。随着精准医学的发展,NSCLC 的治疗已从传统的“手术+放化疗”模式,转变为基于<strong>[[驱动基因]]</strong>(如 EGFR, ALK)的靶向治疗和基于 PD-L1 表达的<strong>[[免疫治疗]]</strong>模式,极大地延长了晚期患者的生存期。 | |
| − | <strong>非小细胞肺癌</strong>(Non-Small Cell Lung | ||
</p> | </p> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <div class="medical-infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: | + | <div class="medical-infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; max-width: 320px; margin: 0 auto 35px auto; border: 1.2px solid #bae6fd; border-radius: 12px; background-color: #ffffff; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); overflow: hidden;"> |
| − | <div style="padding: | + | <div style="padding: 15px; color: #1e40af; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e0f2fe 0%, #bae6fd 100%); text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"> |
| − | < | + | <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">NSCLC</div> |
| − | <div style="font-size: 0. | + | <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (点击展开)</div> |
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | ||
| − | <div style="padding: | + | <div style="padding: 25px; text-align: center; background-color: #f8fafc;"> |
| − | <div style="padding: 10px;"> | + | <div style="display: inline-block; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 12px; padding: 20px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);"> |
| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:Histological_subtypes_of_NSCLC_adenocarcinoma_vs_squamous.png|100px|NSCLC病理亚型示意图]] |
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">腺癌与鳞癌约占 80%</div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.85em | + | <table style="width: 100%; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.85em;"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | < | + | <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">ICD-10</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: 8px | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">C34</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | < | + | <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">主要占比</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: 8px | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">85% (所有肺癌)</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | < | + | <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">核心亚型</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: 8px | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;"><strong>[[肺腺癌]]</strong>, <strong>[[肺鳞癌]]</strong></td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | < | + | <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键靶点</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: 8px | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #b91c1c;"><strong>[[EGFR]]</strong>, <strong>[[ALK]]</strong>, <strong>[[KRAS]]</strong></td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | < | + | <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">免疫指标</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: 8px | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #166534;"><strong>[[PD-L1]]</strong>, <strong>[[TMB]]</strong></td> |
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">主要诱因</th> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">吸烟, 氡气, 空气污染</td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | < | + | <th style="text-align: left; padding: 8px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">高发人群</th> |
| − | <td style="padding: 8px | + | <td style="padding: 8px 12px; color: #64748b;">50-70岁, 长期吸烟者</td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
| 第51行: | 第55行: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <h2 style=" | + | <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">病理亚型:三足鼎立</h2> |
| − | <p style="margin- | + | <p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;"> |
| + | NSCLC 的治疗决策高度依赖于病理分型。根据 2015 WHO 分类标准,主要分为三大类: | ||
| + | </p> | ||
| − | <div style="margin-bottom: | + | <div style="margin: 25px 0; border-top: 2px solid #e2e8f0; border-bottom: 2px solid #e2e8f0;"> |
| − | <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse | + | <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; text-align: left;"> |
<thead> | <thead> | ||
| − | <tr style="border-bottom: | + | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;"> |
| − | <th style="padding: | + | <th style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #1e40af; width: 20%; font-weight: 600;">亚型</th> |
| − | <th style="padding: | + | <th style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #475569; width: 40%; font-weight: 600;">临床特征</th> |
| − | <th style="padding: | + | <th style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #475569; width: 40%; font-weight: 600;">分子特征与治疗</th> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</thead> | </thead> | ||
<tbody> | <tbody> | ||
| − | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid # | + | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> |
| − | < | + | <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #0f172a;">[[肺腺癌]]</span><br> |
| − | < | + | <span style="font-size: 0.85em; color: #64748b;">Adenocarcinoma</span> |
</td> | </td> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; vertical-align: top; color: #334155;"> |
| − | • | + | • 最常见 (约50%),女性多见<br> |
| − | • | + | • 多位于肺周边 (周围型)<br> |
| − | • | + | • <strong>[[TTF-1]]</strong> (+), Napsin A (+) |
</td> | </td> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155;"> |
| − | + | <span style="color: #166534; font-weight: 600;">靶向治疗首选</span><br> | |
| − | + | 突变高发:<strong>[[EGFR]]</strong>, <strong>[[ALK]]</strong>, ROS1<br> | |
| − | + | 必须进行 <strong>[[NGS]]</strong> 检测。 | |
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid # | + | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> |
| − | < | + | <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #0f172a;">[[肺鳞癌]]</span><br> |
| − | < | + | <span style="font-size: 0.85em; color: #64748b;">Squamous Cell</span> |
</td> | </td> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; vertical-align: top; color: #334155;"> |
| − | + | • 与<strong>吸烟</strong>高度相关<br> | |
| − | • 与<strong>吸烟</strong> | + | • 多位于肺中心 (中央型)<br> |
| − | • | + | • <strong>[[p40]]</strong> (+), p63 (+) |
</td> | </td> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; vertical-align: top; color: #334155;"> |
| − | + | <span style="color: #b91c1c; font-weight: 600;">免疫治疗为主</span><br> | |
| − | + | 驱动基因罕见。<br> | |
| − | + | 首选 <strong>[[PD-1]]</strong> 抑制剂 + 化疗。 | |
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | <tr | + | <tr> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; vertical-align: top;"> |
| − | < | + | <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #0f172a;">大细胞癌</span><br> |
| − | < | + | <span style="font-size: 0.85em; color: #64748b;">Large Cell</span> |
</td> | </td> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; vertical-align: top; color: #334155;"> |
| − | • | + | • 排除性诊断<br> |
| − | • | + | • 恶性度高,生长快 |
</td> | </td> | ||
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; vertical-align: top; color: #334155;"> |
| − | + | 缺乏特异性,通常按腺癌方案治疗。 | |
| − | |||
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| 第115行: | 第120行: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <h2 style="font-size: 1. | + | <h2 style="background: #fff1f2; color: #9f1239; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #9f1239; font-weight: bold;">分期治疗:步步为营</h2> |
| − | + | <p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;"> | |
| − | <p style="margin- | + | 基于 <strong>[[TNM分期]]</strong> (第8版) 的治疗策略是 NSCLC 的基石。 |
| + | </p> | ||
| − | <div style="margin-bottom: | + | <div style="margin: 25px 0; border-top: 2px solid #e2e8f0; border-bottom: 2px solid #e2e8f0;"> |
| − | <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse | + | <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95em; text-align: left;"> |
<thead> | <thead> | ||
| − | <tr style="border-bottom: | + | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;"> |
| − | <th style="padding: | + | <th style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #1e40af; width: 15%; font-weight: 600;">分期</th> |
| − | <th style="padding: | + | <th style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #475569; width: 25%; font-weight: 600;">治疗目标</th> |
| − | <th style="padding: | + | <th style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #475569; width: 60%; font-weight: 600;">标准治疗路径</th> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</thead> | </thead> | ||
<tbody> | <tbody> | ||
| − | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid # | + | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #0f172a;"> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | 早期<br><span style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:normal; color:#64748b;">(I - II期)</span> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | </td> |
| − | 1. <strong> | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #166534; font-weight: 600;"> |
| − | 2. <strong> | + | 根治 (Curative) |
| − | 3. <strong> | + | </td> |
| + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #334155;"> | ||
| + | 1. <strong>手术</strong>:肺叶切除 (<strong>[[VATS]]</strong>) + 淋巴结清扫<br> | ||
| + | 2. <strong>放疗</strong>:拒手术者选 <strong>[[SBRT]]</strong><br> | ||
| + | 3. <strong>辅助</strong>:术后 <strong>[[奥希替尼]]</strong> (EGFR+) 或 免疫治疗 | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid # | + | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #0f172a;"> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | 局部晚期<br><span style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:normal; color:#64748b;">(<strong>[[III期]]</strong>)</span> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | </td> |
| − | • <strong>可切除</strong> | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #b45309; font-weight: 600;"> |
| − | • <strong>不可切除</strong> | + | 潜在根治 |
| + | </td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #334155;"> | ||
| + | • <strong>可切除</strong>:新辅助免疫+化疗 → 手术<br> | ||
| + | • <strong>不可切除</strong>:同步放化疗 (cCRT) → <strong>[[度伐利尤单抗]]</strong> 巩固 | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| − | <tr | + | <tr> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #0f172a;"> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | 晚期<br><span style="font-size:0.85em; font-weight:normal; color:#64748b;">(IV期)</span> |
| − | <td style="padding: | + | </td> |
| − | • <strong>驱动基因(+)</strong> | + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #64748b;"> |
| − | • <strong>驱动基因(-)</strong>:<strong>[[帕博利珠单抗]]</strong> (K药) ± | + | 延长生存 |
| + | </td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 15px 10px; color: #334155;"> | ||
| + | • <strong>驱动基因(+)</strong>:首选 <strong>[[TKI]]</strong> (奥希替尼/阿来替尼)<br> | ||
| + | • <strong>驱动基因(-)</strong>:<strong>[[帕博利珠单抗]]</strong> (K药) ± 化疗 | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| 第158行: | 第176行: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | < | + | <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分子版图:基因决定命运</h2> |
| − | < | + | <p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;"> |
| + | 对于非鳞状 NSCLC,进行<strong>[[NGS]]</strong>(二代测序)基因检测是“规定动作”,特别是 <strong>[[液体活检]]</strong> (ctDNA) 的应用日益广泛。 | ||
| + | </p> | ||
| + | <ul style="padding-left: 25px; color: #334155;"> | ||
| + | <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[EGFR]] (19del/L858R):</strong> 亚洲“上帝之选”,突变率达 40%-50%。三代药<strong>[[奥希替尼]]</strong>是基石。</li> | ||
| + | <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[ALK]] / ROS1:</strong> “钻石突变”,多见于年轻不吸烟者。靶向药 (如<strong>[[阿来替尼]]</strong>) 疗效极好,中位生存期常超 5 年。</li> | ||
| + | <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[KRAS]] (G12C):</strong> 曾是“不可成药”的黑洞,现已有 Sotorasib 等突破。西方人群高发。</li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div style="font-size: 0.92em; line-height: 1.6; color: #1e293b; margin-top: 50px; border-top: 2px solid #0f172a; padding: 15px 25px; background-color: #f8fafc; border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px;"> | ||
| + | <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">权威参考文献 (Verified)</span> | ||
| − | <p style=" | + | <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> |
[1] <strong>Travis WD, et al. (2015).</strong> <em>The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Lung Tumors.</em> <strong>[[Journal of Thoracic Oncology]]</strong>, 10(9):1243-1260.<br> | [1] <strong>Travis WD, et al. (2015).</strong> <em>The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Lung Tumors.</em> <strong>[[Journal of Thoracic Oncology]]</strong>, 10(9):1243-1260.<br> | ||
| − | <span style="color: # | + | <span style="color: #475569;">[病理金标准]:确立了基于免疫组化 (TTF-1/p40) 的精细化分型原则。</span> |
</p> | </p> | ||
| − | <p style=" | + | |
| + | <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | ||
[2] <strong>Gandhi L, et al. (2018).</strong> <em>Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>, 378(22):2078-2092.<br> | [2] <strong>Gandhi L, et al. (2018).</strong> <em>Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>, 378(22):2078-2092.<br> | ||
| − | <span style="color: # | + | <span style="color: #475569;">[KEYNOTE-189]:确立了“免疫+化疗”作为无驱动基因非鳞 NSCLC 的一线标准。</span> |
</p> | </p> | ||
| − | <p style=" | + | |
| + | <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | ||
[3] <strong>Wu YL, et al. (2020).</strong> <em>Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>, 383(18):1711-1723.<br> | [3] <strong>Wu YL, et al. (2020).</strong> <em>Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>, 383(18):1711-1723.<br> | ||
| − | <span style="color: # | + | <span style="color: #475569;">[ADAURA]:证明了奥希替尼辅助治疗可降低早期患者 80% 的复发风险。</span> |
</p> | </p> | ||
| − | <p style=" | + | |
| + | <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | ||
[4] <strong>Antonia SJ, et al. (2017).</strong> <em>Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>, 377(20):1919-1929.<br> | [4] <strong>Antonia SJ, et al. (2017).</strong> <em>Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</em> <strong>[[New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>, 377(20):1919-1929.<br> | ||
| − | <span style="color: # | + | <span style="color: #475569;">[PACIFIC]:确立了不可切除 III 期 NSCLC 的免疫巩固治疗标准。</span> |
</p> | </p> | ||
| − | <p style=" | + | |
| + | <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;"> | ||
[5] <strong>NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.</strong> <em>Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Version 3.2024.</em><br> | [5] <strong>NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.</strong> <em>Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Version 3.2024.</em><br> | ||
| − | <span style="color: # | + | <span style="color: #475569;">[临床指南]:全球公认的 NSCLC 诊疗金标准,详细规定了各分期的治疗路径。</span> |
</p> | </p> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <div style="margin | + | <div style="margin: 40px 0; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em;"> |
| − | + | <div style="background-color: #eff6ff; color: #1e40af; padding: 8px 15px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbeafe;"> | |
| − | + | NSCLC · 知识图谱 | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | <table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #ffffff;"> | ||
| + | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> | ||
| + | <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">诊断技术</td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[EBUS-TBNA]]</strong> • PET-CT • <strong>[[液体活检]]</strong> • <strong>[[NGS]]</strong></td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> | ||
| + | <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关键基因</td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[EGFR]]</strong> • <strong>[[ALK]]</strong> • ROS1 • MET • RET • KRAS</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;"> | ||
| + | <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">明星药物</td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[奥希替尼]]</strong> • <strong>[[帕博利珠单抗]]</strong> • <strong>[[度伐利尤单抗]]</strong> • 贝伐珠单抗</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">治疗模式</td> | ||
| + | <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[新辅助治疗]]</strong> • <strong>[[辅助治疗]]</strong> • <strong>[[同步放化疗]]</strong> • 靶向治疗</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | </table> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
2026年1月27日 (二) 10:11的版本
非小细胞肺癌(Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC)是肺癌最常见的组织学类型,约占肺癌总数的 85%。与小细胞肺癌(SCLC)相比,NSCLC 的倍增时间较长,早期发生远处转移的倾向相对较晚。NSCLC 并非单一疾病,而是一组异质性肿瘤的统称,主要包括肺腺癌、肺鳞癌和大细胞癌。随着精准医学的发展,NSCLC 的治疗已从传统的“手术+放化疗”模式,转变为基于驱动基因(如 EGFR, ALK)的靶向治疗和基于 PD-L1 表达的免疫治疗模式,极大地延长了晚期患者的生存期。
病理亚型:三足鼎立
NSCLC 的治疗决策高度依赖于病理分型。根据 2015 WHO 分类标准,主要分为三大类:
| 亚型 | 临床特征 | 分子特征与治疗 |
|---|---|---|
肺腺癌 |
• 最常见 (约50%),女性多见 |
靶向治疗首选 |
肺鳞癌 |
• 与吸烟高度相关 |
免疫治疗为主 |
大细胞癌 |
• 排除性诊断 |
缺乏特异性,通常按腺癌方案治疗。 |
分期治疗:步步为营
基于 TNM分期 (第8版) 的治疗策略是 NSCLC 的基石。
| 分期 | 治疗目标 | 标准治疗路径 |
|---|---|---|
早期 |
根治 (Curative) |
1. 手术:肺叶切除 (VATS) + 淋巴结清扫 |
局部晚期 |
潜在根治 |
• 可切除:新辅助免疫+化疗 → 手术 |
晚期 |
延长生存 |
• 驱动基因(+):首选 TKI (奥希替尼/阿来替尼) |
分子版图:基因决定命运
对于非鳞状 NSCLC,进行NGS(二代测序)基因检测是“规定动作”,特别是 液体活检 (ctDNA) 的应用日益广泛。
- EGFR (19del/L858R): 亚洲“上帝之选”,突变率达 40%-50%。三代药奥希替尼是基石。
- ALK / ROS1: “钻石突变”,多见于年轻不吸烟者。靶向药 (如阿来替尼) 疗效极好,中位生存期常超 5 年。
- KRAS (G12C): 曾是“不可成药”的黑洞,现已有 Sotorasib 等突破。西方人群高发。
权威参考文献 (Verified)
[1] Travis WD, et al. (2015). The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Lung Tumors. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 10(9):1243-1260.
[病理金标准]:确立了基于免疫组化 (TTF-1/p40) 的精细化分型原则。
[2] Gandhi L, et al. (2018). Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 378(22):2078-2092.
[KEYNOTE-189]:确立了“免疫+化疗”作为无驱动基因非鳞 NSCLC 的一线标准。
[3] Wu YL, et al. (2020). Osimertinib in Resected EGFR-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(18):1711-1723.
[ADAURA]:证明了奥希替尼辅助治疗可降低早期患者 80% 的复发风险。
[4] Antonia SJ, et al. (2017). Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(20):1919-1929.
[PACIFIC]:确立了不可切除 III 期 NSCLC 的免疫巩固治疗标准。
[5] NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Version 3.2024.
[临床指南]:全球公认的 NSCLC 诊疗金标准,详细规定了各分期的治疗路径。