“非小细胞肺癌”的版本间的差异
来自医学百科
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| − | <h1 style="color: #1e40af; font-size: | + | <h1 style="color: #1e40af; font-size: 2.2em; margin: 0 0 10px 0; letter-spacing: 1px;">非小细胞肺癌</h1> |
| − | <div style="color: #64748b; font-size: | + | <div style="color: #64748b; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 20px;">Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)</div> |
| − | <p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0;"> | + | <p style="font-size: 1.05em; text-align: justify; margin: 0; color: #475569;"> |
| − | <strong>非小细胞肺癌</strong>(NSCLC)是<strong>[[肺癌]]</strong> | + | <strong>非小细胞肺癌</strong>(NSCLC)是<strong>[[肺癌]]</strong>最常见的组织学类型,约占肺癌总数的 85%。与<strong>[[小细胞肺癌]]</strong>相比,NSCLC 生长相对缓慢,早期治愈率较高。其主要亚型包括<strong>[[肺腺癌]]</strong>、<strong>[[肺鳞癌]]</strong>和大细胞癌。随着精准医学的突破,治疗模式已发生根本性变革:<strong>[[驱动基因]]</strong>(EGFR/ALK等)阳性患者首选靶向治疗,阴性患者首选免疫治疗。根据 <strong>NCCN Guidelines (v1.2026)</strong>,"围手术期免疫治疗" 已成为可切除 II-III 期患者的标准治疗。 |
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| − | <div style="background-color: #f8fafc; border: 1px solid # | + | <div style="background-color: #f8fafc; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px; margin-bottom: 40px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px; justify-content: space-between;"> |
| − | < | + | <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 160px; border-left: 4px solid #1e40af; padding-left: 15px;"> |
| − | + | <div style="font-size: 0.85em; color: #64748b; text-transform: uppercase;">ICD-10 编码</div> | |
| − | <div style=" | + | <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; color: #0f172a;">C34</div> |
| − | <div style="flex: 1 | + | </div> |
| − | + | <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 160px; border-left: 4px solid #3b82f6; padding-left: 15px;"> | |
| − | <strong style="color: # | + | <div style="font-size: 0.85em; color: #64748b; text-transform: uppercase;">患者占比</div> |
| + | <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; color: #0f172a;">85% <span style="font-size:0.7em; font-weight:normal; color:#64748b;">(所有肺癌)</span></div> | ||
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| + | <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 160px; border-left: 4px solid #06b6d4; padding-left: 15px;"> | ||
| + | <div style="font-size: 0.85em; color: #64748b; text-transform: uppercase;">核心亚型</div> | ||
| + | <div style="font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; color: #0f172a;">[[肺腺癌]], [[肺鳞癌]]</div> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 160px; border-left: 4px solid #10b981; padding-left: 15px;"> | ||
| + | <div style="font-size: 0.85em; color: #64748b; text-transform: uppercase;">关键靶点</div> | ||
| + | <div style="font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; color: #047857;">EGFR, ALK, KRAS</div> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 160px; border-left: 4px solid #f59e0b; padding-left: 15px;"> | ||
| + | <div style="font-size: 0.85em; color: #64748b; text-transform: uppercase;">最新指南</div> | ||
| + | <div style="font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; color: #b45309;">NCCN v1.2026</div> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <h2 style="font-size: 1.5em; color: #0f172a; margin-bottom: 20px; display: flex; align-items: center;"> | ||
| + | <span style="display:inline-block; width:8px; height:24px; background-color:#1e40af; margin-right:12px; border-radius:2px;"></span> | ||
| + | 病理亚型分类 | ||
| + | </h2> | ||
| + | <p style="margin-bottom: 25px; color: #475569;">NSCLC 的治疗决策高度依赖于病理分型。三大亚型特征对比:</p> | ||
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| + | <div style="font-size: 0;"> <div style="display: inline-block; width: 48%; min-width: 300px; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 2%; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 1rem; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);"> | ||
| + | <div style="background-color: #eff6ff; padding: 15px 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbeafe;"> | ||
| + | <strong style="font-size: 1.2em; color: #1e40af;">[[肺腺癌]]</strong> | ||
| + | <span style="font-size: 0.9em; color: #60a5fa; float: right;">~50% (最常见)</span> | ||
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| − | < | + | <ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; color: #334155; margin-bottom: 15px;"> |
| − | + | <li><strong>部位:</strong>多位于肺周边(周围型)</li> | |
| + | <li><strong>人群:</strong>女性、<strong>不吸烟者</strong></li> | ||
| + | <li><strong>IHC:</strong>[[TTF-1]] (+), Napsin A (+)</li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | <div style="background-color: #f0fdf4; padding: 12px; border-radius: 6px; color: #166534; font-size: 0.95em;"> | ||
| + | <strong>🎯 治疗关键:靶向治疗的金矿</strong><br> | ||
| + | EGFR, ALK, ROS1 高频突变。<br> | ||
| + | 必须进行 <strong>[[NGS]]</strong> 全面检测。 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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| − | <strong>[[ | + | <div style="display: inline-block; width: 48%; min-width: 300px; vertical-align: top; margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 1rem; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);"> |
| + | <div style="background-color: #fff1f2; padding: 15px 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid #fecdd3;"> | ||
| + | <strong style="font-size: 1.2em; color: #be123c;">[[肺鳞癌]]</strong> | ||
| + | <span style="font-size: 0.9em; color: #fb7185; float: right;">~30%</span> | ||
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| − | < | + | <ul style="margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; color: #334155; margin-bottom: 15px;"> |
| − | + | <li><strong>部位:</strong>多位于肺中心(中央型),易空洞</li> | |
| − | + | <li><strong>人群:</strong>与<strong>吸烟</strong>高度相关</li> | |
| − | + | <li><strong>IHC:</strong>[[p40]] (+), p63 (+)</li> | |
| − | + | </ul> | |
| − | + | <div style="background-color: #fff7ed; padding: 12px; border-radius: 6px; color: #9a3412; font-size: 0.95em;"> | |
| − | + | <strong>🛡️ 治疗关键:免疫治疗为主</strong><br> | |
| − | + | 驱动基因罕见。<br> | |
| − | + | 首选方案:<strong>[[PD-1]]</strong> + 化疗。 | |
| − | + | </div> | |
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| − | <h2 style="border- | + | <h2 style="font-size: 1.5em; color: #0f172a; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; display: flex; align-items: center;"> |
| − | + | <span style="display:inline-block; width:8px; height:24px; background-color:#16a34a; margin-right:12px; border-radius:2px;"></span> | |
| + | 分期治疗策略 (NCCN 2026) | ||
| + | </h2> | ||
| + | <p style="margin-bottom: 25px; color: #475569;">基于 TNM 分期的标准治疗路径。<strong>围手术期免疫治疗</strong>是近年来最大的突破。</p> | ||
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| + | <div style="margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;"> | ||
| + | <div style="width: 150px; background-color: #f0fdf4; padding: 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; border-right: 1px solid #e2e8f0; flex-grow: 1;"> | ||
| + | <strong style="color: #15803d; font-size: 1.2em;">早期</strong> | ||
| + | <span style="color: #166534; font-size: 0.9em;">(I - IIA期)</span> | ||
| + | <div style="margin-top: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #15803d;">目标:根治</div> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | <div style="padding: 20px; flex: 10; min-width: 300px;"> | ||
| + | <div style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>1. 首选手术:</strong> 肺叶切除 (<strong>[[VATS]]</strong>) + 系统性淋巴结清扫。</div> | ||
| + | <div style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>2. 放疗替代:</strong> 因医学原因无法手术者,首选立体定向放疗 (<strong>[[SBRT]]</strong>)。</div> | ||
| + | <div><strong>3. 辅助治疗:</strong> 术后根据基因状态选择 <strong>[[奥希替尼]]</strong> (EGFR+) 或 免疫治疗。</div> | ||
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| − | + | <strong style="color: #b45309; font-size: 1.2em;">局部晚期</strong> | |
| + | <span style="color: #92400e; font-size: 0.9em;">(IIB - III期)</span> | ||
| + | <div style="margin-top: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #b45309;">目标:潜在根治</div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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| − | <div style="margin-bottom: | + | <div style="margin-bottom: 12px; padding-bottom: 12px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #e2e8f0;"> |
| − | <span style="background:# | + | <span style="background-color: #b45309; color: #fff; padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 0.85em; margin-right: 8px;">可切除</span> |
| − | <span style="margin- | + | <strong>[[围手术期免疫]] (2026 新标准)</strong><br> |
| + | <span style="color: #475569; display: block; margin-top: 4px;">新辅助(化疗+免疫) → 手术 → 辅助(免疫)。方案:CheckMate-77T / AEGEAN / KEYNOTE-671。</span> | ||
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| − | <div style="background-color: # | + | <div> |
| − | <strong style="color: # | + | <span style="background-color: #94a3b8; color: #fff; padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 0.85em; margin-right: 8px;">不可切除</span> |
| + | <strong>PACIFIC 模式</strong><br> | ||
| + | <span style="color: #475569; display: block; margin-top: 4px;">根治性同步放化疗 (cCRT) → <strong>[[度伐利尤单抗]]</strong> 免疫巩固。</span> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
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| − | <div style="border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; | + | <div style="margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;"> |
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| − | + | <strong style="color: #475569; font-size: 1.2em;">晚期</strong> | |
| + | <span style="color: #64748b; font-size: 0.9em;">(IV期)</span> | ||
| + | <div style="margin-top: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #475569;">目标:延长生存</div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <div style="padding: | + | <div style="padding: 20px; flex: 10; min-width: 300px;"> |
<div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> | <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> | ||
| − | + | <strong>• 驱动基因 (+):</strong> 坚决“去化疗”。首选 <strong>[[TKI]]</strong> 靶向药 (如奥希替尼、阿来替尼、洛拉替尼)。 | |
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| − | <strong | + | <strong>• 驱动基因 (-):</strong> <strong>[[帕博利珠单抗]]</strong> (K药) ± 化疗。 |
</div> | </div> | ||
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| − | + | <h3 style="font-size: 1em; color: #0f172a; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10px;">权威参考文献 (Verified)</h3> | |
| − | + | <ul style="font-size: 0.9em; color: #64748b; padding-left: 20px; margin: 0;"> | |
| − | + | <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><strong>NCCN Guidelines v1.2026</strong>: 确立围手术期免疫治疗新标准。</li> | |
| − | + | <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><strong>CheckMate 77T (2024)</strong>: 证实围手术期 O 药显著改善 EFS。</li> | |
| − | + | <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><strong>ADAURA (2020)</strong>: 奥希替尼辅助治疗降低 80% 复发风险。</li> | |
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| − | <li><strong>ADAURA (2020)</strong>: 奥希替尼辅助治疗降低 80% 复发风险。</li> | ||
<li><strong>KEYNOTE-189 (2018)</strong>: 免疫联合化疗的一线标准地位。</li> | <li><strong>KEYNOTE-189 (2018)</strong>: 免疫联合化疗的一线标准地位。</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | <div style="margin-top: 20px | + | <div style="margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; color: #94a3b8; font-size: 0.9em; border-top: 1px dashed #cbd5e1; padding-top: 15px;"> |
| − | + | 知识图谱: | |
| − | + | <span style="color: #3b82f6;">[[EGFR]]</span> · | |
| + | <span style="color: #3b82f6;">[[ALK]]</span> · | ||
| + | <span style="color: #3b82f6;">[[奥希替尼]]</span> · | ||
| + | <span style="color: #3b82f6;">[[帕博利珠单抗]]</span> · | ||
| + | <span style="color: #3b82f6;">[[新辅助治疗]]</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
2026年1月27日 (二) 10:37的版本
非小细胞肺癌
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)是肺癌最常见的组织学类型,约占肺癌总数的 85%。与小细胞肺癌相比,NSCLC 生长相对缓慢,早期治愈率较高。其主要亚型包括肺腺癌、肺鳞癌和大细胞癌。随着精准医学的突破,治疗模式已发生根本性变革:驱动基因(EGFR/ALK等)阳性患者首选靶向治疗,阴性患者首选免疫治疗。根据 NCCN Guidelines (v1.2026),"围手术期免疫治疗" 已成为可切除 II-III 期患者的标准治疗。
病理亚型分类
NSCLC 的治疗决策高度依赖于病理分型。三大亚型特征对比:
分期治疗策略 (NCCN 2026)
基于 TNM 分期的标准治疗路径。围手术期免疫治疗是近年来最大的突破。
权威参考文献 (Verified)
- NCCN Guidelines v1.2026: 确立围手术期免疫治疗新标准。
- CheckMate 77T (2024): 证实围手术期 O 药显著改善 EFS。
- ADAURA (2020): 奥希替尼辅助治疗降低 80% 复发风险。
- KEYNOTE-189 (2018): 免疫联合化疗的一线标准地位。