112.247.67.26：以“{{Hierarchy header}} 生产和生活环境中的气象因素包括：气温、气湿、气流、气压及辐射热等。其常用的测定仪器简略介绍如下：...”为内容创建页面

2014-02-06T09:06:18Z

以“{{Hierarchy header}} 生产和生活环境中的气象因素包括：气温、气湿、气流、气压及辐射热等。其常用的测定仪器简略介绍如下：...”为内容创建页面

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{{Hierarchy header}}
生产和生活环境中的气象因素包括：气温、气湿、气流、气压及辐射热等。其常用的测定仪器简略介绍如下：

== 一、气温测定==

用水银或[[酒精]][[温度计]]。注意应在没有辐射热情况下使用。挂于测理地点待温度稳定后再读数。

== 二、气湿测定==

=== （一）[[干湿]]球温度计===

原理：利用并列两温度计，在一支的球部用湿润[[纱布]]包裹，由于湿纱布上水分[[蒸发]]散热，使湿球上温度比干球的温度低，其相差度数与空气中相对湿度成一定比例（实习图1-1）

{{图片|gumalisp.jpg|干湿球温度计}}

实习图1-1 干湿球温度计

使用方法：

1．将湿球温度计纱布润湿后固定于测定地点约10分钟后，先读湿球温度，再读干球温度，记下二者的差数。

2．转动干湿球温度计上的圆滚筒，在其上端找出干湿球[[温度差]]数（.F）。

3．在实测湿球度数的水平位置作[[一水]]平线与中央圆筒旁竖行相交点的读数，即相对湿度百分数。

=== （二）手摇温温度计===

原理：由两并列温度计构成，原理同干湿球[[温湿度计]]，但在使用时要转动造成固定风速（一般为4m/s），加强了[[传导]]对流散热，以抵消辐射热的影响。

使用方法：

先将湿球上纱布浸湿，测定时摇动仪器，每分钟约120～150转（视手摇温度计长度而定），测定3～5分钟，停止后立即读数（先读湿球温度，后读干球温度），结果查实习表1-1、1-2、1-3。

实习表1-1空气相对湿度按通风温湿度计度数计算表（风速4m/s）

湿球温度（℃）相对湿度(%)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| rowspan="3" | 干球温度℃
|-
| | 2
| | 2.5
| | 3
| | 3.5
| | 4
| | 4.5
| | 5
| | 5.5
| | 6
| | 6.5
| | 7
| | 7.5
| | 8
| | 8.5
| | 9
| | 9.5
| | 10
| | 10.5
| | 11
| | 11.5
| | 12
| | 12.5
| | 13
| | 13.5
| | 14
| | 14.5
| | 15
| | 15.5
| | 16
| | 16.5
| | 17
|-
|-
| | 8
| | 29
| | 34
| | 40
| | 45
| | 51
| | 57
| | 63
| | 69
| | 75
| | 81
| | 81
| | 94
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 8.5
| | 25
| | 30
| | 35
| | 41
| | 46
| | 52
| | 58
| | 63
| | 69
| | 75
| | 81
| | 87
| | 94
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 9
| | 21
| | 26
| | 31
| | 36
| | 42
| | 47
| | 53
| | 58
| | 64
| | 70
| | 76
| | 82
| | 88
| | 94
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 9.5
| | 17
| | 22
| | 27
| | 32
| | 38
| | 43
| | 48
| | 54
| | 59
| | 65
| | 70
| | 76
| | 82
| | 88
| | 94
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 10
| | 14
| | 19
| | 24
| | 29
| | 34
| | 39
| | 44
| | 49
| | 54
| | 60
| | 65
| | 71
| | 76
| | 82
| | 88
| | 94
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 10.5
| |
| | 16
| | 20
| | 25
| | 30
| | 35
| | 40
| | 45
| | 50
| | 55
| | 60
| | 66
| | 71
| | 77
| | 83
| | 88
| | 94
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 11
| |
| |
| | 17
| | 22
| | 26
| | 31
| | 36
| | 41
| | 46
| | 51
| | 56
| | 61
| | 66
| | 72
| | 77
| | 83
| | 88
| | 94
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 11.5
| |
| |
| | 14
| | 19
| | 23
| | 28
| | 32
| | 37
| | 42
| | 48
| | 52
| | 57
| | 62
| | 67
| | 72
| | 78
| | 83
| | 89
| | 94
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 12
| |
| |
| |
| | 16
| | 22
| | 24
| | 29
| | 33
| | 38
| | 43
| | 48
| | 53
| | 57
| | 62
| | 68
| | 73
| | 78
| | 83
| | 89
| | 94
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 12.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 17
| | 21
| | 26
| | 30
| | 35
| | 39
| | 44
| | 49
| | 53
| | 58
| | 63
| | 68
| | 73
| | 78
| | 84
| | 89
| | 94
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 13
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 14
| | 18
| | 23
| | 27
| | 31
| | 36
| | 40
| | 45
| | 49
| | 54
| | 59
| | 64
| | 69
| | 74
| | 79
| | 84
| | 89
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 13.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 16
| | 20
| | 24
| | 28
| | 32
| | 37
| | 41
| | 46
| | 50
| | 55
| | 60
| | 65
| | 69
| | 74
| | 79
| | 84
| | 89
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 14
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 17
| | 21
| | 25
| | 29
| | 33
| | 38
| | 42
| | 46
| | 51
| | 56
| | 60
| | 65
| | 70
| | 74
| | 79
| | 84
| | 90
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 14.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 14
| | 18
| | 22
| | 27
| | 30
| | 35
| | 39
| | 43
| | 47
| | 52
| | 56
| | 61
| | 65
| | 70
| | 75
| | 80
| | 85
| | 90
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 15
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 16
| | 20
| | 23
| | 27
| | 32
| | 36
| | 40
| | 44
| | 48
| | 52
| | 57
| | 61
| | 66
| | 71
| | 75
| | 80
| | 85
| | 90
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 15.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 13
| | 17
| | 21
| | 25
| | 29
| | 32
| | 37
| | 41
| | 45
| | 49
| | 53
| | 58
| | 62
| | 66
| | 71
| | 76
| | 80
| | 85
| | 90
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 16
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 15
| | 18
| | 22
| | 26
| | 30
| | 34
| | 37
| | 42
| | 46
| | 50
| | 54
| | 58
| | 63
| | 67
| | 71
| | 76
| | 81
| | 85
| | 90
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
|-
| | 16.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 12
| | 16
| | 20
| | 23
| | 27
| | 31
| | 34
| | 38
| | 42
| | 46
| | 50
| | 53
| | 59
| | 63
| | 67
| | 72
| | 76
| | 81
| | 86
| | 90
| | 95
| | 100
| |
|-
| | 17
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 14
| | 17
| | 21
| | 24
| | 28
| | 32
| | 36
| | 39
| | 43
| | 47
| | 51
| | 55
| | 59
| | 64
| | 68
| | 72
| | 77
| | 81
| | 86
| | 90
| | 95
| | 100
|}

左表1-2 空气相对湿度按通风温湿度计度数计算表（风速4m/s）

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| rowspan="3" | 干球温度℃
| colspan="22" | 湿球温度(℃)
|-
| | 7
| | 7.5
| | 8
| | 8.5
| | 9
| | 9.5
| | 10
| | 10.5
| | 11
| | 11.5
| | 12
| | 12.5
| | 13
| | 13.5
| | 14
| | 14.5
| | 15
| | 15.5
| | 16
| | 16.5
| | 17
| | 17.5
|-
| colspan="22" | 相对湿度(%)
|-
| | 17.5
| | 15
| | 19
| | 22
| | 25
| | 29
| | 33
| | 36
| | 40
| | 44
| | 48
| | 52
| | 56
| | 60
| | 64
| | 68
| | 73
| | 77
| | 81
| | 86
| | 91
| | 95
| | 100
|-
| | 18
| | 13
| | 16
| | 20
| | 23
| | 27
| | 30
| | 34
| | 37
| | 41
| | 45
| | 49
| | 53
| | 56
| | 61
| | 65
| | 69
| | 73
| | 77
| | 82
| | 86
| | 91
| | 95
|-
| | 18.5
| |
| | 14
| | 17
| | 21
| | 24
| | 28
| | 31
| | 35
| | 38
| | 42
| | 46
| | 49
| | 53
| | 57
| | 61
| | 66
| | 69
| | 73
| | 78
| | 82
| | 86
| | 91
|-
| | 19
| |
| |
| | 15
| | 19
| | 22
| | 25
| | 29
| | 32
| | 36
| | 39
| | 43
| | 46
| | 50
| | 54
| | 58
| | 62
| | 66
| | 70
| | 74
| | 78
| | 82
| | 86
|-
| | 19.5
| |
| |
| | 13
| | 17
| | 20
| | 23
| | 26
| | 30
| | 33
| | 36
| | 40
| | 43
| | 47
| | 51
| | 54
| | 58
| | 62
| | 66
| | 70
| | 74
| | 78
| | 82
|-
| | 20
| |
| |
| |
| | 13
| | 18
| | 21
| | 24
| | 27
| | 30
| | 34
| | 37
| | 41
| | 44
| | 48
| | 52
| | 55
| | 59
| | 63
| | 66
| | 70
| | 74
| | 78
|-
| | 20.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 16
| | 19
| | 22
| | 25
| | 28
| | 31
| | 35
| | 38
| | 41
| | 45
| | 48
| | 52
| | 56
| | 59
| | 62
| | 67
| | 72
| | 75
|-
| | 21
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 14
| | 17
| | 20
| | 25
| | 26
| | 29
| | 32
| | 36
| | 39
| | 42
| | 46
| | 49
| | 53
| | 56
| | 60
| | 64
| | 67
| | 71
|-
| | 21.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 15
| | 18
| | 21
| | 24
| | 27
| | 30
| | 33
| | 36
| | 40
| | 43
| | 46
| | 50
| | 53
| | 57
| | 60
| | 64
| | 68
|-
| | 22
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 13
| | 16
| | 19
| | 22
| | 25
| | 28
| | 31
| | 34
| | 37
| | 40
| | 44
| | 47
| | 50
| | 54
| | 57
| | 61
| | 64
|-
| | 22.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 14
| | 17
| | 20
| | 23
| | 26
| | 29
| | 32
| | 35
| | 38
| | 41
| | 44
| | 48
| | 51
| | 54
| | 58
| | 61
|-
| | 23
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 13
| | 16
| | 18
| | 21
| | 24
| | 27
| | 30
| | 33
| | 36
| | 39
| | 42
| | 45
| | 48
| | 51
| | 55
| | 58
|-
| | 23.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 14
| | 17
| | 19
| | 22
| | 25
| | 28
| | 30
| | 33
| | 36
| | 39
| | 42
| | 46
| | 49
| | 53
| | 55
|-
| | 24
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 12
| | 15
| | 18
| | 20
| | 23
| | 26
| | 28
| | 31
| | 34
| | 37
| | 40
| | 43
| | 46
| | 49
| | 53
|-
| | 24.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 13
| | 16
| | 19
| | 21
| | 24
| | 27
| | 29
| | 32
| | 35
| | 38
| | 41
| | 44
| | 47
| | 50
|-
| | 25
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 14
| | 17
| | 19
| | 22
| | 25
| | 27
| | 30
| | 33
| | 36
| | 38
| | 41
| | 44
| | 47
|-
| | 25.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 13
| | 15
| | 18
| | 20
| | 23
| | 26
| | 28
| | 31
| | 34
| | 36
| | 39
| | 42
| | 45
|-
| | 26
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 14
| | 16
| | 19
| | 21
| | 24
| | 26
| | 29
| | 32
| | 34
| | 37
| | 40
| | 43
|-
| | 26.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 13
| | 15
| | 17
| | 20
| | 22
| | 25
| | 27
| | 30
| | 32
| | 34
| | 37
| | 40
|-
| | 27
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 14
| | 16
| | 18
| | 21
| | 23
| | 25
| | 28
| | 30
| | 33
| | 36
| | 36
|-
| | 27.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 12
| | 14
| | 17
| | 19
| | 21
| | 24
| | 26
| | 29
| | 31
| | 34
| | 33
|}

右表1-2 空气相对湿度按通风温湿度计度数计算表（风速4m/s）

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| rowspan="3" | 干球温度℃
| colspan="20" | 湿球温度(℃)
|-
| | 18
| | 18.5
| | 19
| | 19.5
| | 20
| | 20.5
| | 21
| | 21.5
| | 22
| | 22.5
| | 23
| | 23.5
| | 24
| | 24.5
| | 25
| | 25.5
| | 26
| | 26.5
| | 27
| | 27.5
|-
| colspan="20" | 相对湿度(%)
|-
| | 17.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 18
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 18.5
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 19
| | 91
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 19.5
| | 86
| | 91
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 20
| | 83
| | 87
| | 91
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 20.5
| | 79
| | 83
| | 87
| | 94
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 21
| | 75
| | 79
| | 83
| | 87
| | 91
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 21.5
| | 71
| | 75
| | 79
| | 83
| | 87
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 22
| | 68
| | 72
| | 76
| | 80
| | 84
| | 88
| | 92
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 22.5
| | 65
| | 68
| | 72
| | 76
| | 80
| | 84
| | 88
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 23
| | 62
| | 65
| | 69
| | 72
| | 76
| | 80
| | 84
| | 88
| | 91
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 23.5
| | 59
| | 62
| | 66
| | 68
| | 72
| | 78
| | 80
| | 84
| | 88
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 24
| | 56
| | 59
| | 63
| | 66
| | 70
| | 73
| | 77
| | 80
| | 84
| | 88
| | 92
| | 95
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 24.5
| | 53
| | 56
| | 60
| | 63
| | 66
| | 69
| | 73
| | 77
| | 81
| | 84
| | 88
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 25
| | 50
| | 54
| | 57
| | 60
| | 63
| | 67
| | 70
| | 74
| | 77
| | 81
| | 84
| | 88
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 25.5
| | 48
| | 51
| | 54
| | 57
| | 60
| | 63
| | 67
| | 72
| | 74
| | 77
| | 81
| | 85
| | 88
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 26
| | 46
| | 48
| | 52
| | 55
| | 58
| | 61
| | 64
| | 67
| | 71
| | 74
| | 77
| | 81
| | 85
| | 88
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
| |
|-
| | 26.5
| | 43
| | 46
| | 49
| | 52
| | 55
| | 58
| | 63
| | 64
| | 68
| | 71
| | 74
| | 78
| | 81
| | 85
| | 89
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
|-
| | 27
| | 41
| | 44
| | 47
| | 50
| | 52
| | 55
| | 58
| | 62
| | 65
| | 68
| | 71
| | 75
| | 78
| | 81
| | 83
| | 89
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
| |
|-
| | 27.5
| | 39
| | 42
| | 44
| | 47
| | 50
| | 53
| | 56
| | 59
| | 62
| | 65
| | 68
| | 72
| | 75
| | 78
| | 82
| | 85
| | 89
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
|}

左表1-3 空气相对湿度按通风温湿度计度数计算表(风速4m/s)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| rowspan="3" | 干球温度℃
| colspan="16" | 湿球温度(℃)
|-
| | 13
| | 13.5
| | 14
| | 14.5
| | 15
| | 15.5
| | 16
| | 16.5
| | 17
| | 17.5
| | 18
| | 18.5
| | 19
| | 19.5
| | 20
| | 20.5
|-
| colspan="16" | 相对湿度(%)
|-
| | 28
| | 13
| | 15
| | 18
| | 20
| | 22
| | 25
| | 27
| | 29
| | 32
| | 34
| | 37
| | 40
| | 42
| | 45
| | 48
| | 50
|-
| | 28.5
| | 12
| | 14
| | 16
| | 18
| | 21
| | 23
| | 25
| | 28
| | 30
| | 33
| | 35
| | 38
| | 40
| | 43
| | 45
| | 48
|-
| | 29
| | 11
| | 12
| | 15
| | 17
| | 19
| | 21
| | 24
| | 26
| | 28
| | 31
| | 32
| | 36
| | 38
| | 41
| | 43
| | 46
|-
| | 29.5
| | 10
| | 12
| | 14
| | 16
| | 18
| | 20
| | 22
| | 24
| | 27
| | 29
| | 31
| | 34
| | 36
| | 39
| | 41
| | 44
|-
| | 30
| |
| | 11
| | 13
| | 15
| | 17
| | 19
| | 21
| | 23
| | 26
| | 27
| | 30
| | 32
| | 34
| | 37
| | 39
| | 42
|-
| | 30.5
| |
| | 9
| | 11
| | 13
| | 16
| | 17
| | 19
| | 22
| | 24
| | 26
| | 28
| | 30
| | 33
| | 35
| | 38
| | 40
|-
| | 31
| |
| |
| | 10
| | 12
| | 14
| | 16
| | 18
| | 20
| | 22
| | 24
| | 27
| | 29
| | 31
| | 33
| | 36
| | 38
|-
| | 31.5
| |
| |
| |
| | 11
| | 13
| | 15
| | 17
| | 19
| | 21
| | 23
| | 25
| | 27
| | 29
| | 32
| | 34
| | 36
|-
| | 32
| |
| |
| |
| | 10
| | 12
| | 14
| | 16
| | 18
| | 20
| | 22
| | 24
| | 26
| | 28
| | 30
| | 32
| | 34
|-
| | 32.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 11
| | 13
| | 15
| | 16
| | 18
| | 20
| | 22
| | 24
| | 26
| | 29
| | 31
| | 33
|-
| | 33
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 10
| | 12
| | 14
| | 15
| | 17
| | 19
| | 21
| | 23
| | 25
| | 27
| | 29
| | 31
|-
| | 33.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 11
| | 13
| | 14
| | 16
| | 18
| | 20
| | 22
| | 24
| | 26
| | 28
| | 30
|-
| | 34
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 10
| | 12
| | 13
| | 15
| | 17
| | 19
| | 21
| | 22
| | 24
| | 26
| | 23
|-
| | 34.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 11
| | 12
| | 14
| | 16
| | 18
| | 19
| | 21
| | 23
| | 25
| | 7
|-
| | 35
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 10
| | 11
| | 13
| | 15
| | 16
| | 18
| | 20
| | 22
| | 24
| | 26
|-
| | 35.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 11
| | 12
| | 14
| | 15
| | 17
| | 19
| | 21
| | 22
| | 24
|-
| | 36
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 10
| | 11
| | 13
| | 14
| | 16
| | 18
| | 20
| | 21
| | 23
|-
| | 36.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 10
| | 12
| | 14
| | 15
| | 17
| | 18
| | 20
| | 22
|-
| | 37
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 11
| | 13
| | 14
| | 16
| | 17
| | 19
| | 21
|-
| | 37.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 10
| | 12
| | 13
| | 15
| | 16
| | 18
| | 20
|-
| | 38
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 11
| | 13
| | 14
| | 16
| | 17
| | 19
|-
| | 38.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 10
| | 12
| | 13
| | 15
| | 16
| | 18
|-
| | 39
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 11
| | 12
| | 14
| | 15
| | 17
|-
| | 39.5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 12
| | 13
| | 14
| | 16
|-
| | 40
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | 11
| | 12
| | 14
| | 15
|}

右表1-3 空气相对湿度按通风温湿度计度数计算表(风速4m/s)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| rowspan="3" | 干球温度℃
| colspan="17" | 湿球温度(℃)
|-
| | 21
| | 21.5
| | 22
| | 22.5
| | 23
| | 23.5
| | 24
| | 24.5
| | 25
| | 25.5
| | 26
| | 26.5
| | 27
| | 27.5
| | 28
| | 28.5
| | 29
|-
| colspan="17" | 相对湿度(%)
|-
| | 28
| | 53
| | 56
| | 59
| | 62
| | 65
| | 68
| | 72
| | 75
| | 78
| | 82
| | 85
| | 89
| | 92
| | 96
| | 100
| |
| |
|-
| | 28.5
| | 51
| | 54
| | 57
| | 60
| | 63
| | 66
| | 69
| | 72
| | 75
| | 78
| | 82
| | 86
| | 89
| | 93
| | 96
| | 100
| |
|-
| | 29
| | 49
| | 51
| | 54
| | 57
| | 60
| | 63
| | 66
| | 69
| | 72
| | 76
| | 79
| | 82
| | 86
| | 89
| | 93
| | 96
| | 100
|-
| | 29.5
| | 46
| | 49
| | 52
| | 55
| | 57
| | 60
| | 63
| | 66
| | 70
| | 73
| | 76
| | 79
| | 82
| | 86
| | 89
| | 93
| | 96
|-
| | 30
| | 44
| | 47
| | 50
| | 52
| | 55
| | 58
| | 61
| | 64
| | 67
| | 70
| | 73
| | 76
| | 79
| | 83
| | 86
| | 89
| | 93
|-
| | 30.5
| | 42
| | 45
| | 47
| | 50
| | 53
| | 55
| | 58
| | 61
| | 64
| | 67
| | 70
| | 73
| | 75
| | 79
| | 83
| | 86
| | 89
|-
| | 31
| | 40
| | 43
| | 45
| | 48
| | 50
| | 53
| | 56
| | 59
| | 62
| | 64
| | 67
| | 70
| | 73
| | 77
| | 80
| | 82
| | 86
|-
| | 31.5
| | 39
| | 41
| | 43
| | 46
| | 48
| | 51
| | 54
| | 56
| | 59
| | 62
| | 65
| | 68
| | 71
| | 74
| | 77
| | 80
| | 83
|-
| | 32
| | 37
| | 39
| | 41
| | 44
| | 46
| | 49
| | 51
| | 54
| | 57
| | 60
| | 62
| | 65
| | 68
| | 71
| | 74
| | 77
| | 80
|-
| | 32.5
| | 35
| | 37
| | 40
| | 42
| | 44
| | 47
| | 49
| | 52
| | 55
| | 57
| | 60
| | 63
| | 65
| | 69
| | 71
| | 74
| | 77
|-
| | 33
| | 33
| | 36
| | 38
| | 40
| | 42
| | 45
| | 47
| | 50
| | 52
| | 55
| | 58
| | 60
| | 63
| | 66
| | 69
| | 71
| | 74
|-
| | 33.5
| | 32
| | 34
| | 36
| | 38
| | 41
| | 43
| | 45
| | 48
| | 50
| | 53
| | 55
| | 58
| | 61
| | 63
| | 66
| | 69
| | 71
|-
| | 34
| | 30
| | 32
| | 35
| | 37
| | 39
| | 41
| | 43
| | 46
| | 48
| | 51
| | 53
| | 56
| | 58
| | 61
| | 64
| | 66
| | 69
|-
| | 34.5
| | 29
| | 31
| | 33
| | 35
| | 37
| | 39
| | 42
| | 44
| | 46
| | 49
| | 51
| | 54
| | 56
| | 59
| | 61
| | 64
| | 66
|-
| | 35
| | 27
| | 29
| | 31
| | 33
| | 36
| | 38
| | 40
| | 42
| | 44
| | 47
| | 49
| | 51
| | 54
| | 56
| | 59
| | 61
| | 64
|-
| | 35.5
| | 26
| | 28
| | 30
| | 32
| | 34
| | 36
| | 38
| | 40
| | 43
| | 45
| | 47
| | 50
| | 52
| | 54
| | 57
| | 59
| | 61
|-
| | 36
| | 25
| | 27
| | 29
| | 30
| | 32
| | 34
| | 37
| | 39
| | 41
| | 43
| | 45
| | 48
| | 50
| | 52
| | 55
| | 57
| | 59
|-
| | 36.5
| | 24
| | 25
| | 27
| | 29
| | 31
| | 33
| | 35
| | 37
| | 39
| | 41
| | 44
| | 46
| | 48
| | 50
| | 53
| | 55
| | 57
|-
| | 37
| | 22
| | 24
| | 26
| | 28
| | 30
| | 32
| | 34
| | 35
| | 38
| | 40
| | 42
| | 44
| | 46
| | 48
| | 51
| | 53
| | 55
|-
| | 37.5
| | 21
| | 23
| | 25
| | 27
| | 28
| | 30
| | 32
| | 34
| | 36
| | 38
| | 40
| | 42
| | 44
| | 46
| | 48
| | 50
| | 52
|-
| | 38
| | 20
| | 22
| | 24
| | 25
| | 27
| | 29
| | 31
| | 33
| | 35
| | 37
| | 39
| | 40
| | 43
| | 45
| | 47
| | 49
| | 51
|-
| | 38.5
| | 19
| | 21
| | 22
| | 24
| | 26
| | 28
| | 29
| | 31
| | 32
| | 35
| | 37
| | 39
| | 41
| | 43
| | 45
| | 47
| | 49
|-
| | 39
| | 18
| | 20
| | 21
| | 24
| | 25
| | 26
| | 28
| | 30
| | 31
| | 33
| | 35
| | 37
| | 39
| | 41
| | 43
| | 45
| | 47
|-
| | 39.5
| | 17
| | 19
| | 20
| | 22
| | 24
| | 25
| | 27
| | 29
| | 30
| | 32
| | 34
| | 35
| | 38
| | 40
| | 42
| | 44
| | 46
|-
| | 40
| | 17
| | 18
| | 19
| | 21
| | 23
| | 24
| | 26
| | 28
| | 29
| | 31
| | 33
| | 34
| | 36
| | 38
| | 40
| | 42
| | 44
|}

=== （三）通风温湿度计（aspiration hygrometer）===

原理：同手摇温湿度计，将两并列温度计分别将须镀镍的双层金属风筒中（实习图1-2），仪器上端有一带发条的小风扇，开动发条时风扇转动，从温度计球部旁边吸入空气，因此造成温度计球部的固定风速（一般为4m/s），同时，因金属筒的[[反射]]，使辐射热影响被抵消，故可测得较准确的结果。

{{图片|gumalq3w.jpg|通风温湿度计}}

实习图1-2 通风温湿度计

使用方法：

1．先将湿球纱布湿润。

2．用钥匙旋转风扇发条，风扇开始转动。将仪器悬挂在测定地点。

3．经3～5分钟，读取湿球及干球温度的读数，结果可查实习表1-1、1-2和1-3。

== 三、气流测定==

=== （一）杯状风速计(cup anemometer)===

原理：利用风力使风杯转动，从指针转动的周数及所用时间算出空气流动的速度。

使用方法：

1．使用前先记下风速计的原始读数。

2．将风速计放置测定地点，纵轴与空气流动方向垂直，等风杯转动后开动启动开关，并同时用秒表记录时间。

3．经100秒，将风速及秒表同时关闭。记录指针读数和时间，算出风速。

{{图片|gumalgdq.jpg|}}

=== （二）翼状风速计（deflecting vane anemometer）===

原理：同杯状风速计，只是以翼代替风杯而已。

使用方法：

1．按下风速计上方的“回零”键，使指针回复到零。

2．将风速计置于测定地点，翼轴对准气流方向。

3．揿下风速计下方的“计时启动键”，30秒钟后，指针开始走动，60秒钟后，当风速指针停止走动时，即可直接读数（m/min），再换算成m/s。

注意事项

1．勿用手拨杯（翼），或强迫停止转动。

2．避免在[[腐蚀性]]气体或粉尘多的地方使用，并注意保持清洁。

3．测定气流时，注意勿使身体或其他物体阻挡气流。

=== （三）热球式电风速计===

原理：本仪器的探头部装有热电偶的热端，另一端暴露于空气中，在不同风速下热电偶的热端散热量不同，因而其温度下降的程度不同，风速小时，下降的程度小，反之程度大。下降程度的大小通过热电偶在电表上指示出来。经校正后，即可自电表读数，表示风速，该仪器测定范围0.05～10m/s。

使用方法：

1．校正开关置于“断”的位置。

2．将插杆插头插在插座上，使杆呈垂直位，螺塞压紧使探头密封。“校正开关”置于“满度”位置，慢慢调整“满度调节”旋钮，使电表指在零点位置。

3.将“校正开关”置于“零位”的位置，慢慢调整“粗调”、“细调”两个旋钮，使电表指在零点置。然后，轻轻拉动螺塞使测杆探头露出，将测头上的红点面对风向。此时，可从电表上读数，再查阅校正曲线，得出被测风速。

== 四、辐射热强度测定==

常用单向热电偶辐射计（thermalpile radiation detector）来用作[[辐射强度]]的测定。

原理：在镍铜热电偶组成的热电堆上粘上一层铝箔，在铝箔上与热电偶热端相应处涂上烟黑，使形成黑白相间的[[小方]]块，利用烟黑和铝箔对辐射热吸收率不同的原理，使热电偶上产生了热电动势，其大小与辐射强度成正比，通过经换算过的电表读数，可直接表示辐射热的强度。即单位时间内、单位面积上所受到的辐射能量（cal/cm2/min）。

使用方法：

1．调整仪器机械零点螺丝，使指针指零。

2．按下“调零”开关，旋动“零点旋钮”以调整，使指针指零。

3．根据辐射热强度，按下“2卡”或“10卡”键。

4．将敏感元件的插头插入插孔内，打开热电堆的盖板，对准辐射热方向，经3～5秒，待电表读数稳定后，进行读数记录。

注意事项：

1．当辐射热强度超过7.5cal/cm2/min时，测量不要超过3分钟，以免损坏仪器。

2．测毕即盖好盖板，保护铝箔，防止擦坏。

3．当调节“零点调整”旋钮，指针不能到达零时，应更换电池。

== 五、气压测定==

=== （一）[[水银]]气压计===

原理：水银气压计是一个上端封闭，下端开口的[[真空]]玻璃管，其下端浸在盛有水银的杯中（实习图1-3），大气压力作用于水银杯中的水银面上，使水银升入真空玻璃管中，水银柱就能随大气压的高低而上升或下降，其水银柱的高低，可借玻璃管外面的一个金属套管上的标尺及游标尺读出mmHg的数值（实习图1-4），测量单位为mmHg。再换算为kPa

1mmHg=0.133kPa

使用方法：

1．转动水银槽底部的螺旋，使水银面与指未刻度零点的指标尖端刚刚接触，校正零点。

2．使用游标尺，读出气压读数。

=== （二）空盒气压计===

携带方便，但不如水银气压计准确，必须经常按水银气压计来进行校正。

{{图片|gumalnqr.jpg|杯状气压计}}

实习1-3 杯状气压计

{{图片|gumallch.jpg|气压计的游尺}}

实习图1-4 气压计的游尺
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预防医学/实习一：气象条件测定方法 - 版本历史

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