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	<title>宫颈上皮内瘤样病变 - 版本历史</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-23T08:19:12Z</updated>
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		<title>123.130.221.191：建立内容为“{{Medical small}}  {{Infobox Disease  | Name           = 宫颈上皮内瘤样病变  | Image          =  | Caption        =  | DiseasesDB     =  | ICD10…”的新页面</title>
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		<updated>2021-07-21T18:53:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;建立内容为“{{Medical small}}  {{Infobox Disease  | Name           = 宫颈上皮内瘤样病变  | Image          =  | Caption        =  | DiseasesDB     =  | ICD10…”的新页面&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;新页面&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Medical small}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox Disease&lt;br /&gt;
 | Name           = 宫颈上皮内瘤样病变&lt;br /&gt;
 | Image          =&lt;br /&gt;
 | Caption        =&lt;br /&gt;
 | DiseasesDB     =&lt;br /&gt;
 | ICD10          = {{ICD10|D|06||d|00}}, {{ICD10|N|87||n|80}}&lt;br /&gt;
 | ICD9           = {{ICD9|233.1}}, {{ICD9|622.10}}&lt;br /&gt;
 | ICDO           =&lt;br /&gt;
 | OMIM           =&lt;br /&gt;
 | MedlinePlus    = 001491&lt;br /&gt;
 | eMedicineSubj  =&lt;br /&gt;
 | eMedicineTopic =&lt;br /&gt;
 | MeshID         = D018290&lt;br /&gt;
 | website     = &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''宫颈上皮内瘤样病变'''（{{lang-en|Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN}}），也称'''宫颈非典型增生'''（{{lang-en|cervical dysplasia}}）或'''宫颈间质瘤'''（{{lang|en|cervical interstitial neoplasia}}），是宫颈[[不典型增生]]和宫颈鳞形[[细胞]][[原位癌]]的总称，也是[[宫颈浸润癌]]的癌前期病变&amp;lt;ref name=Robbins&amp;gt;{{cite book| author=Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; &amp;amp;amp; Mitchell, Richard N.| year = 2007 | title = Robbins Basic Pathology| edition = 8th | publisher = Saunders Elsevier| pages=718–721 | isbn= 978-1-4160-2973-1}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。宫颈上皮内瘤样病变并非[[癌症]]，也能够治疗&amp;lt;ref name=womensHealthChanel&amp;gt;[http://www.womenshealthchannel.com/cervicaldysplasia/index.shtml Cervical Dysplasia: Overview, Risk Factors]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。绝大多数的宫颈上皮内瘤样病变患者病情稳定，但是少量病例会恶化为[[宫颈癌]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Agorastos&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal |author=Agorastos T, Miliaras D, Lambropoulos A, Chrisafi S, Kotsis A, Manthos A, Bontis J |title=Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in uterine cervices with coexistent grade I and grade III intraepithelial neoplasia: biologic progression or independent lesions? |journal=Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol |volume=121 |issue=1 |pages=99–103 |year=2005 |pmid=15949888 |doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.11.024}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。引起CIN的主要原因是[[人乳头瘤病毒]]（HPV）在宫颈部位的慢性[[感染]]，特别是高感染度的16或18型HPV。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
在[[显微镜]]下看到的最早[[病理]]是[[子宫颈]]的[[上皮细胞]]或表面发育不良，并且在妇女体内无法本质上发现。在HPV感染后能够看到细胞改变，比如{{link-en|挖空细胞|koilocyte}}中通常能够看到宫颈上皮内瘤样病变。宫颈上皮内瘤样病变通常通过筛选试验发现，比如通过{{link-en|巴氏涂片法|Bethesda System}}进行子宫颈抹片检查，检测可能的癌前症状。检查若不正常，则需要[[子宫]][[阴道镜]]进行放大，或进行[[活体检查]]。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==病因==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
宫颈上皮内瘤样病变的病因比较复杂，与此疾病有明显相关性的因素有&amp;lt;ref name=Robbins/&amp;gt;：&lt;br /&gt;
* 感染“高危”型人乳头瘤病毒（比如第16、18、31、45型）的妇女&lt;br /&gt;
* 患有免疫力缺陷的妇女&lt;br /&gt;
* 17岁之前生孩子的妇女&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
此外一些危险因素会引起宫颈上皮内瘤样病变&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Murthy2000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1097/00008469-200002000-00002 | author = Murthy NS, Mathew A. | title = Risk factors for pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix | journal = European Journal of Cancer Prevention | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 5–14 | date = February 2000 | pmid = 10777005 | id = 10777005 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;，包括节食、多名性伴侣、缺乏[[避孕套]]使用、以及[[吸烟]]。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==分类==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
根据患有HPV的不同类型和感染部位，宫颈上皮内瘤样病变可以分为三个级别，病情可能会加重或复原&amp;lt;ref name=Robbins/&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
宫颈上皮内瘤样病变分为以下几级：&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 组织学分级&lt;br /&gt;
! 细胞学&lt;br /&gt;
! 描述&lt;br /&gt;
! 图像&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| –&lt;br /&gt;
| –&lt;br /&gt;
| 正常宫颈鳞状上皮&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Image:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (1) normal squamous epithelium.jpg|center|100px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| '''CIN 1'''（I级，轻度不典型增生）&lt;br /&gt;
| {{link-en|低度鳞状上皮内病变|low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion}}&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Park&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal |author=Park J, Sun D, Genest D, Trivijitsilp P, Suh I, Crum C |title=Coexistence of low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix: morphologic progression or multiple papillomaviruses? |journal=Gynecol Oncol |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=386–91 |year=1998|pmid=9790792 |doi=10.1006/gyno.1998.5100}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 最低危险的类型，表现为轻度的{{link-en|发育异常|dysplasia}}，也是不正常的细胞增殖&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Agorastos&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;。局限于宫颈上皮层的下1/3，病变部分与正常细胞层分界清楚。如果病情与HPV感染有关，通过一年左右的免疫反应疾病会康复，一切病情需要更长恢复时间。&lt;br /&gt;
|  [[Image:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (2) koilocytosis.jpg|center|100px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| '''CIN 2/3'''&lt;br /&gt;
| {{link-en|高度鳞状上皮内病变|high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion}}&lt;br /&gt;
| CIN2型和CIN3型的前期症状&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| '''CIN 2'''（II级）&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| 不典型增生细胞占宫颈上皮层的下部2/3，病变部分与正常细胞层分界清楚。&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Image:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (3) CIN2.jpg|center|100px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| '''CIN 3'''（III级）&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| 不典型增生细胞几乎浸及全上皮层，仅剩表面正常鳞状上皮细胞。病情可能会判定为[[子宫颈原位癌]]。&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Image:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (4) CIN3.jpg|center|100px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==治疗==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
对于CIN1型的患者，可通过时间自愈而选择暂缓治疗&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ACOGfive&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Citation |author1 =  American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists |author1-link = American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists |date = |title = Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question |publisher = [[American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]] |work = [[Choosing Wisely]]: an initiative of the [[ABIM Foundation]] |page = |url = http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-college-of-obstetricians-and-gynecologists/ |accessdate = August 1, 2013}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite PMID|17904956}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite PMID|19037054}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。然而对这些患者应定期密切随诊，定期行宫颈脱落细胞学及[[阴道镜检查]]。如果在12个月内，经过多次检查病变仍持续存在或进展，就应该开始治疗&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ACOGfive&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; 。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
对多数中度不典型增生、所有重度不典型增生及原位癌的患者，均应给予积极的治疗，其中包括{{link-en|冷灼法|cryocautery}}、{{link-en|电烙术|electrocautery}}、{{link-en|烧烙术|Cauterization}}、{{link-en|行子宫颈电热圈环切术|loop electrical excision procedure}}或{{link-en|宫颈锥切术|cervical conization}}。有治疗意义的HPV[[疫苗]]正在[[临床试验]]阶段。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
宫颈上皮内瘤样病变的[[手术治疗]]可能会导致{{link-en|女性不育症|female infertility}}或生育能力降低的危险增加&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite pmid|23489374}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==预后==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
通常认为宫颈上皮内瘤样病变均随着阶段恶化形成癌症的情况是呈[[线性关系]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Agorastos&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal |author=Hillemanns P, Wang X, Staehle S, Michels W, Dannecker C |title=Evaluation of different treatment modalities for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN): CO(2) laser vaporization, photodynamic therapy, excision and vulvectomy |journal=Gynecol Oncol |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=271–5 |year=2006 |pmid=16169064|doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.08.012}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal |author=Rapp L, Chen J |title=The papillomavirus E6 proteins|journal=Biochim Biophys Acta |volume=1378 |issue=1 |pages=F1–19 |year=1998 |pmid=9739758}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。但是大多数宫颈上皮内瘤样病变案例会自愈。CIN1型患者中大约70%的在一年内自愈，90%的在两年内自愈&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal | author = Bosch FX, Burchell AN, Schiffman M, Giuliano AR, de Sanjose S, Bruni L, Tortolero-Luna G, Kjaer SK, Muñoz N | title = Epidemiology and natural history of human papillomavirus infections and type-specific implications in cervical neoplasia | journal = Vaccine | volume = 26 | issue = Supplement 10 | pages = K1–16 | date = August 2008 | pmid = 18847553 | doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.064 | id = 18847553 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。大约50%的CIN2型患者在两年内自愈。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
恶化为{{link-en|宫颈原位癌|cervical carcinoma in situ}}的病例发生于11%的CIN1型和22%的CIN2型患者中。恶化为[[浸润]]性[[鳞癌]]的病例发生于大约1%的CIN1型、5%的CIN2型、和至少12%的CIN3型患者中&amp;lt;ref name=williams2008&amp;gt;Section 4 Gynecologic Oncology &amp;gt; Chapter 29. Preinvasive Lesions of the Lower Genital Tract &amp;gt; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in:{{cite book |author=Bradshaw, Karen D.; Schorge, John O.; Schaffer, Joseph; Lisa M. Halvorson; Hoffman, Barbara G.|title=Williams' Gynecology |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |location= |year=2008 |pages= |isbn=0-07-147257-6 |oclc=|doi= |accessdate=}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
恶化为癌症情况通常需要平均15年（3至40年）的时间。证据显示，癌症病例可能在最初探测阶段或低级类型未能发现，而直接恶化为癌症&amp;lt;ref name=Robbins/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Agorastos&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal |author=Monnier-Benoit S, Dalstein V, Riethmuller D, Lalaoui N, Mougin C, Prétet J |title=Dynamics of HPV16 DNA load reflect the natural history of cervical HPV-associated lesions | journal=J Clin Virol |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=270–7 |year=2006 |pmid=16214397|doi=10.1016/j.jcv.2005.09.001}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。在感染HPV疾病后，一些HPV高级病种会不激活包括{{link-en|p35蛋白|p35}}、网膜[[母细胞瘤]][[蛋白]]等[[肿瘤抑制基因]]，从而使得受感染的细胞能够规避检查、并大量积累，进而恶化为癌症&amp;lt;ref name=Robbins/&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[[流行病学]]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
大约25万至100万美国妇女患有宫颈上皮内瘤样病变，妇女可能在任何年龄都会患有宫颈上皮内瘤样病变，但是主要的发病年龄是在25至35岁&amp;lt;ref name=Robbins/&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==相关条目==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{link-en|细胞核病变|Dyskaryosis}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 参考文献 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{-}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{女性生殖道肿瘤}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{女性盆腔和生殖器疾病}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia}} [[Category:子宫肿瘤]]&lt;br /&gt;
==参考来源==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E9%A2%88%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%AE%E5%86%85%E7%98%A4%E6%A0%B7%E7%97%85%E5%8F%98 维基百科-宫颈上皮内瘤样病变]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>123.130.221.191</name></author>
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